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| This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Lithuania |
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Lithuania became a member of the United Nations on September 18, 1991, and is a signatory to a number of its organizations and other international agreements. It is also a member of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, NATO and its adjunct North Atlantic Coordinating Council, the Council of Europe, and the European Union. Lithuania gained membership in the World Trade Organization on May 31, 2001. It also seeks membership in the OECD and other Western organizations.
Lithuania maintains foreign diplomatic missions in 94 countries on six continents and consular posts in two countries that are not represented by an embassy. Lithuania's liberal "zero-option" citizenship law has substantially erased tensions with its neighbors. Lithuania's suspension of two strongly ethnic Polish district councils on charges of blocking reform or disloyalty during the August 1991 coup had cooled relations with Poland, but bilateral cooperation markedly increased with the holding of elections in those districts and the signing of a bilateral Friendship Treaty in 1994. Although a similar bilateral friendship agreement was signed with Belarus in 1995, Lithuania has joined the United States and other European nations in urging the Government of Belarus to adopt democratic and economic reforms.
Lithuania has established diplomatic relations with 149 countries.
Disputes
Latvia
- Talks continue over a maritime boundary dispute with Latvia, primarily concerning oil exploration rights.
Russia
- There are ongoing popular demands to formally condemn the crimes committed by the Soviet regime, including the occupation and annexation of the country to the Soviet Union.
- In 2005, a fighter aircraft accompanying a Russian spy plane over the Baltic Sea violated Lithuanian airspace for about 20 minutes before crashing near Kaunas
- In October 2006, Russia's FSB security service arrested an official in the Kaliningrad region accused of spying for Lithuania
- In August 2009, Russian customs officers had imposed special customs on Lithuanian trucks, lining up more than 20 kilometres of trucks from the Republic of Lithuania.
- Lithuania has an embassy in Moscow.
- Russia has an embassy in Vilnius, with consulates in Klaipeda.
- Ambassador to Russian Federation is Rimantas Šidlauskas, ambassador to the Republic of Lithuania is Vladimir Chkhikvadze.
Baltic Sea region states
Lithuania is in warm and good relations with Latvia and Estonia. Latvia takes the 1st place on the list of Lithuanian investments abroad.
Denmark
Further information: Denmark-Lithuania relations
Estonia
Further information: Foreign relations of Estonia
Finland
Further information: Foreign relations of Finland
Germany
Further information: Foreign relations of Germany
Latvia
Date started--> 1991-10-05
- Latvia has an embassy in Vilnius.
- Lithuania has an embassy in Riga.
- The two states share 588 kilometres (365 mi) of common border. Both countries are full members of the European Union.
Poland
Main article: Lithuania–Poland relations
- Lithuania has an embassy in Warsaw and a consulate general in Sejny.
- Poland has an embassy in Vilnius and an honorary consulate in Klaipėda.
- There are around 250,000 Poles living in Lithuania and around 25,000 ethnic Lithuanians living in Poland.
- Both countries are full members of the Council of the Baltic Sea States.
- The countries share a common border of 103 km.
Lithuania concluded the treaty of friendship with Poland in April 1994. However, disagreements over Lithuania's implementation of the treaty have soured relations and cooperation on energy issues and Lithuania remains unconnected to the Polish electricity grid and the countries are not connected by a non-Russian controlled gas pipeline, as previous promises to do both have been stalled by the row over the friendship treaty.
Lithuania as a part of the Northern Europe region
Lithuania is also an active member in the cooperation between Northern Europe countries. Lithuania is a member of Baltic Council, since its establishment in 1993. Baltic Council is a permanent organisation of international cooperation, located in Tallinn. It operates through the Baltic Assembly and Baltic Council of Ministers.
Lithuania also cooperates with Nordic and other two Baltic countries through NB8 cooperation format. The similar format, called NB6 unites Nordic and Baltic countries members of EU. The main goal of NB6 cooperation is to discuss and agree on positions before presenting them in the Council of the European Union and the meetings of the EU Foreign Affairs Ministers.
The Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS) was established in 1992 in Copenhagen as an informal regional political forum, which main aim is to promote integration process and to affiliate close contacts between the countries of the region. The members of CBSS are Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden and European Commission. The observer states are Belarus, France, Italy, Netherlands, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, United States, United Kingdom, Ukraine.
The cooperation between the Nordic Council of Ministers and Lithuania is a political cooperation through which experience exchange contributes to realization of joint goals. One of its most important functions is to discover new trends and new possibilities for joint cooperation. The information office aims to represent Nordic concepts and demonstrate Nordic cooperation in Lithuania.
Lithuania, together with other two Baltic countries, is also a member of Nordic Investment Bank (NIB) and cooperates in NORDPLUS programme committed to education.
Baltic Development Forum (BDF) is an independent nonprofit organization which unites large companies, cities, business associations and institutions in the Baltic Sea region. In 2010 the 12th Summit of the BDF was held in Vilnius.
Europe - other
Asia
| Country | Formal Relations Began | Notes |
|---|---|---|
 Armenia |
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 Azerbaijan | 1995-11-27 |
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 India |
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 Israel | See Israel–Lithuania relations Israel recognized Lithuania’s independence in 1991. Both countries established diplomatic relation in 1992. Israel is represented in Lithuania through its embassy in Riga (Latvia). Lithuania has an embassy in Tel Aviv and 2 honorary consulates (in Herzliya and Ramat Gan). | |
 Japan | See Japan–Lithuania relations Relations between Lithuania and Japan started on December 20, 1922, when Lithuania was recognized by Japan de jure. In 1939 the Consulate of Japan, headed by vice-consul Chiune Sugihara, was opened in Kaunas. It was closed in 1940 when Lithuania was annexed by the Soviet Union. On September 6, 1991, Japan recognized the independence of the Republic of Lithuania from USSR and on October 10, Diplomatic relations were restored. In 1997, Embassy of Japan was established in Lithuania, in 1998, Embassy of Lithuania was established in Japan. In 2006 May, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs Taro Aso visited Lithuania, and Kirkilas, the Prime Minister of Lithuania, visited Japan just three months later. Bilateral relations were strengthen by the official state visit of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko in 2007 May. | |
 Kazakhstan |
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 People's Republic of China | 1991-09-14 | See People's Republic of China-Lithuania relations PR China has an embassy in Vilnius. Lithuania has an embassy in Beijing. In 1992, Embassy of China was established in Vilnius, in 1995, Embassy of Lithuania was established in Beijing. |
 South Korea | 1991 | See Foreign relations of South Korea Both countries established diplomatc relations in 1991. According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of South Korea, there are as few as 41 South Koreans living in Lithuania. |
North America
Canada
Further information: Foreign relations of Canada
United States
Main article: Lithuania – United States relations
In 1998, the United States signed a "Charter of Partnership" with Lithuania and the other Baltic countries establishing bilateral working groups focusing on improving regional security, defense, and economic issues.
Lithuania has friendly relations with and support from the United States, who never recognized their forced incorporation into the Soviet Union. Since the fall of the U.S.S.R. in 1991, the United States and Lithuania have maintained strong economic and military ties, and the efforts of Lithuanian-Americans are said to have been an important factor both in restoring Lithuania's independence and in her admittance to NATO in 2004. Then-President George W. Bush visited Lithuania in November 2002 and again in February 2007, and expressed pride in Lithuania's determined commitment to democracy over the last two decades.
Issues
Illicit drug trafficking
Lithuania has been a trans-shipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Russia, Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia
Anti-terrorism
Lithuania is a signatory to 8 of the 12 International Conventions related to counter- terrorist activities
Human trafficking
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reports that about 1,000 citizens of Lithuania fall victim to trafficking annually. Most are women between the ages of 21 and 30 who are sold into prostitution
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